Standard library

The Kyna runtime exposes standard-library functions through the global environment rather than special-casing them in the parser:

• print(value, ...), log(value, ...), console.log(value, ...), logColor(color, message), and typeOf(value)
• Structured backend logging: slogInfo(message, fields?), slogWarn, slogError, and the slog.info / slog.warn / slog.error object (JSON lines). Prefer these over print in services.
• len, push, pop, and keys for arrays, strings, and closed objects
• Queue helpers: createQueue(), enqueue(queue, value), dequeue(queue), peekQueue(queue), queueIsEmpty(queue)
• textContains, textFind, textSlice, textReplace, textSplit, textTrim, textLower, and textUpper for UTF-8 text; indices and len(string) count Unicode code points rather than bytes
• readFile(path), writeFile(path, content), readJsonFile(path), and writeJsonFile(path, value)
• copyFile(source, destination) streams bytes in 64KiB chunks (does not load the whole file)
• createDirectory(path), fileExists(path), removePath(path), and listDirectory(path)
• fs.read, fs.write, fs.readJson, fs.writeJson, fs.createDirectory, fs.exists, fs.remove, and fs.list
• processRun(command), build(command), processEnv(name), sleep(milliseconds), wait(milliseconds), and timeSleep(milliseconds)
• clockMs() and timeNow() for monotonic millisecond and nanosecond timestamps, plus measure(fn) and profileLog(label, value) for timing code
• os.name(), os.architecture(), os.cwd(), terminal.interactive(), and terminal.supportsColor() through the injected host-information capability
• httpGet(url) for a raw response body and fetch(url) for a response object with ok, status, url, text(), and json()
• parseIP(text) returns a canonical IPv4 string or null when the text is not a valid address
• jsonParse, jsonStringify, process.json, process.stringify, process.run, and process.env
• toml.parse, toml.stringify, xml.parse, and xml.stringify, with canonical tomlParse, tomlStringify, xmlParse, and xmlStringify aliases
• filter, map, reduce, find, any, all, unique, bubbleSort, sort, and call
• cryptoSha256(data) returning the lowercase hex SHA-256 digest of a string
• createApiStore(records) for an in-memory CRUD store with list, get, create, update, and remove
• db.query(connection, sql, parameters?) and db.execute(...) for parameterized PostgreSQL operations
• error(message) for language errors caught by try/catch
• collectGarbage() and gcStats() for heap diagnostics

Global collection callbacks (map, filter, reduce, find, any, all), optional sort comparators, call, and measure execute on VM frames. Callbacks share the active heap, preserve mutable captures, and propagate catchable errors. The native callback interface roots intermediate results across garbage collection. See the bytecode milestone for remaining method and module-execution gaps.

sort returns a new sorted copy and runs in O(n log n) using introsort with median-of-three pivoting, an insertion-sort cutoff, and a heapsort fallback, so worst-case inputs stay fast. cryptoSha256 returns the standard lowercase-hex SHA-256 digest and is deterministic. timeNow() returns monotonic nanoseconds; timeSleep(ms) suspends the current thread like sleep. These builtins run in both the tree-walk interpreter and the bytecode VM.

Filesystem, process, host information, networking, and sleeping operations call injected RuntimeCapabilities; deterministic embedders can replace every host adapter. The production network adapter uses linked libcurl for HTTP and HTTPS with certificate verification, HTTP/1.1, redirects, a Kyna user agent, a 10-second connect timeout, a 30-second overall timeout, and two bounded retries for transient transport failures.

Errors identify DNS, connection, TLS, send, receive, timeout, or HTTP-response phases without exposing query parameters. Standard proxy environment variables are honored by libcurl. Streaming, async I/O, and cancellation remain future work. Process execution uses the host shell and is an explicitly trusted capability.

processEnv(name) and process.env(name) return str?: the value is a string when the variable exists and null when it does not. Text and JSON file edits use an explicit read-modify-write cycle; writeFile/fs.write and writeJsonFile/fs.writeJson replace the complete contents exposed by the adapter. See examples/standard_library/environment_and_file_edit.kyna for a cleanup-safe checkpoint.

TOML uses pinned toml++ and converts tables/arrays/scalars to ordinary Kyna values. XML uses pinned pugixml and represents each element as { name, attributes, text, children }. Both adapters have stable KFORMAT errors and execute through the same value-conversion seam in the tree interpreter and bytecode VM. See examples/learning/04_data/toml_and_xml.kyna for in-memory round trips and examples/learning/06_system/document_files.kyna for cleanup-safe create/read/edit/delete work.

fetch and response json()/text() now execute through the bytecode native adapter when the response is used directly or stored in a local binding. Request options support method, body, positive millisecond timeout, and string-valued headers; malformed options and response JSON produce typed, catchable KNET/K5100 errors.

See networking.md for POST bodies, query parameters, Bearer authorization, API keys, cookies, HTTP status handling, security guidance, and the deterministic network-test strategy.

Database operations cross the injected DatabasePort seam. Official dependency builds use libpq, PostgreSQL $1 parameter binding, SQL null mapping, and phase-specific KDB2001 diagnostics. See database.md for the result model and repository-module pattern.

examples/fake_api_store.kyna uses the real https://fakestoreapi.com/products endpoints and writes the retrieved collection to fake-store-output/products.json. Fake Store API mutations are intentionally simulated by that service: responses demonstrate CRUD request/JSON behavior but do not permanently modify its database.

examples/weather_api.kyna uses the keyless Open-Meteo forecast endpoint to smoke-test HTTPS and JSON parsing, then writes the response to weather-output/current.json.